Chuvangin hetah hian kan kal ta a ni. Coffee chu la rawh. emaw beer emaw pawh a ni thei. Ka judging lo.
kan tan hmain real quick .- Ka background hi miten an zawt fo thin: kum 2016 atang khan battery tech nen kan in messing a, company pahnih bankrupt (fun times) kal (Fun times) ah ka thawk a, mi pathum la dam (barely) tan ka thawk a, tunah hian R&D for... well ka ti mai thei a, mahse i hre tawh ang. Lithium fire vawi hnih ka hal tawh bawk. . 0/10 experience nei turin recommend suh.
Eng hell pawh hi solid-state battery a ni?
A dik e. I phone battery a awm em? Laptop a awm em? Electric car a ni em? An vai hian liquid chhungah an lut vek. Tui ang lo-liquid,... chemical liquid thick ang deuh. Organic electrolyte a ni. Sounds fancy but basically it’s flammable goo a ni a, lithium ion te chu positive leh negative lam inkar ah an inhnim pil leh a.
A thawk tha khawp mai! A awm loh hma loh chuan. Tichuan mei a man ta a.
Ka desk drawer-ah hian Samsung Galaxy Note 7 ka la nei a, chu chu reminder LMAO angin ka dah a ni. Recall hnuah pawh a on leh tawh ngai lo. Fire hazard paperweight tlemte ang mai a ni.
Solid-State battery=chu chu liquid chu solid hmanga thlak a ni.
Chu chu a ni. Chu chu a pum pui chu a ni.
A solid part chu:
Ceramic stuff (fancy glass ang chi mahse siam harsa zawk)
Polymer chains (think plastic dense tak tak mahse plastic tak tak lo)
Sulfide compounds (hengte hi a rim a nam hle a, egg ro ang maia sang hi sangkhat vel a ni)
Oh and fun fact Harsa takin ka zir chhuak - Heng thil thenkhat hi boruak a tui awm nen an inrem a. tharum thawhna ang maiin. Kum 2019 khan grad student kan nei a, chu chuan sulfide electrolyte sample chu zan khat chhung bench-ah a dah a. A tuk zingah a lo thleng a, thil pum pui chu a chhe tawh hle. Thihna ang maiin a rimchhia. Chu lab chu kar khat chhung chu kan hmang thei lo.
Engvangin nge mi zawng zawngin an chungchang an ngawih loh ang .
Dude solid-State battery te chu... 2015? Kum 2014 khan a ni em? Khawi emaw laiah chuan a awm. Kum khat chhungin: "Kum 3 dang chauh!"
Battery community-ah chuan meme a ni ta. Fusion power ang mai a ni. Kum 10 vel a awm fo thin.
Mahse okay ngaihsak tur chhan tak tak a awm:
1. Anni (a nih hmel) chu i hmaiah an puak lo ang .
Liquid awm lo=tui lum=Pressure buildup=A boom lo.
Ka sawi tum chu an la fail thei tihna a ni. A thleng tih ka hmu tawh. Mahse meipui ai chuan i hmu tam zawk... a thawk tawh lo va, a lum bawk. A tha zawk hle mai! Nikum testing neih lai khan solid-State prototype fail ka hmu a, a bul berah chuan a swell up deuh a, a thi ta a ni. Liquid lithium-ion hmang hian blast shield hnung lamah kan test a ngai a ni. Vibe danglam tak a ni.
2. Hmun khatah chakna tam zawk (supposedly) .
Claims te hi wild. 50% a ni zawk em? 100% a tam zawk em ni? Tuin nge hria ang. Paper-ah chuan math a thawk a. A nihna takah chuan? Kan hmu ang.
Toyota chuan kum 2027 emaw 2028 emaw-ah chuan 900-mile battery an nei dawn tih an sawi fo thin. Literally car ka khalh lai hian ka ring ang. Chumi thleng chuan vaporware a ni.
3. A charge rang zawk (maybe) .
Ceramic electrolyte thenkhat chuan degrading awm lovin way more current an handle thei nia sawi a ni. Chuvangin minute 10 chhunga full charges ang maiin.
He hna hi lab-ah ka hmu tawh em? Ni e, vawi khat, coin cell battery ka kutpui ang maia lianah.
Car- battery lian takah a thawk tih ka hmu tawh em? Ni lo. Tuman an nei lo. Simulation data zawng zawng leh small-scale test te a ni.
4. A rei zawk (kan ngaihdan) .
Liquid break down loh chuan charge cycle tam zawk i hmu tur a ni. Regular lithium-ion hi i enkawl dan azirin 500-1000 cycle ang chi tan a tha. Solid-state hian a ti tha zawk tur a ni.
Mahse hetah hian thil - kan la hriat tak tak loh chu kum 10 chhung zet tumahin an hman loh avangin. Lab-a hun rei tak chhunga rintlak loh-Term reliability. I nghak mai tur a ni.
Ngawi teh Eng nge he thil hi kan tehkhin pawh?
Oh crap yeah tunah hian eng nge awm tih ka sawifiah tur a ni mai thei. Ka bad.
regular lithium-ion (engkim a awm) .
I phone, laptop, electric a nih chuan i car
Energy: ~250-300 Wh/kg (chu chu kilogram khatah watt-hour a ni a, nerd unit a ni)
cheap to make now cause kan ti fo tawh a ni.
i puncture emaw overcharge emaw a nih chuan absolutely catch fire a ni ang .
Ka lab ah chuan bucket khat sand ka dah a, a .
LFP battery (lithium iron phosphate) a awm bawk.
safer, i tum pawhin mei a man tak tak lo ang .
A rilru a buai em em a, a rilru a hah em em bawk a. 160-180 Wh/kg .
3000+ charges angin chatuanin a awm thei.
Lithium chi dang aiin a man tlawm zawk
Hei hi tunah chuan base model Tesla-a awm chu a ni ngei ang tih ka ring? Chumi chungchangah chuan min quote suh ang che .
NMC/NCA (a man to ber berte) .
Nickel manganese cobalt emaw nickel cobalt aluminum emaw a awm bawk.
A hlawhtlinna chu 250-280 wh/kg a ni.
uses cobalt which... Yeah Congo-ah naupang hnathawh chungchang a awm a, whole other mess
A man to zawk .
Performance tha zawk mahse lie a ni dawn lo .
Solid-State (thufing (mythical creature)) .
400-500 Wh/kg a ni.
Way way tunah hian a man a to zawk .
Manufacturing hi a bul berah chuan hetiang dinhmunah hian black magic a ni .
sader supposedly mahse data kan nei tlem hle bawk .
Okay mahse eng nge an chungah a tha tak tak?
Look Thil tam zawkah ka ringhlel a mahse solid-State hian advantage tak tak a nei a ni. a danglamna a awm lo ang.
Safety hi legit tha zawk a ni.
Keimah ngei pawhin chi hnih hi ka test tawh a ni. Regular lithium{{1}ion nen chuan face shields kan bun a, hmun tinah kangmei titawp thei kan nei bawk. solid-State prototypes nen? Still careful mahse "hei hian a puak thei" energy a la tlem zawk.
Thla hmasa khan test cell short circuit kan nei a. Solid-State One chu a lum ta mai a, hna a thawk tawh lo. Chu chu regular lithium{{3}ion ni ta se chuan kangmei kan nei ngei ang.
Size/weight thil hi an deliver chuan a tak tak a ni.
400 wh/kg in production chu revolutionary tak tak a ni ang. I EV battery hian range inang chiah chiah atan a chanve vel a rit thei. A nih loh leh a rit ang bawkin, range aiin a let hnih in a sang zawk.
Mahse chu chu a lian hle a ni. Lab result hi production ah a letling ngai lo. Hell, an letling lo tlangpui.
Temperature performance a tha zawk tur a ni.
Solid electrolytes hian liquid aiin temperature range zau zawkah hna a thawk a. Chicago thlasik lai khan i car battery chu -20℃f ah a awm em? A thawk tha zawk tur a ni. Arizona Summer ah 120℃F? Tin, a tha zawk bawk.
Fun story - ceramic electrolyte thenkhat chu a takah chuan a thawk tha tur chuan lum taka dah a ngai a ni. Chuvangin i battery atan heater i mamawh a ni. chu chuan power a hmang a ni. chi khatin a tum chu a hneh lol.
Dendrites a awm lo.
Hei hi baseball chhungah a awm a mahse eng pawh nise. Lithium battery i charge hian dendrites an tih metal spike te te chu electrode pakhat atanga a dang lam hawiin a lo thang thei a ni. A tawpah chuan separator hmangin an chhuak a, battery chu short circuit-ah an lut ta a ni. Lithium-ion battery tam zawk an thih dan a ni.
Solid electrolytes hian dendrites a block tur a ni. Hard materials, a pierce thei lo. theory-ah chuan.
Practice-ah chuan? Eh. Dendrite hi solid electrolyte thenkhat hmangin kan hmu tawh a. Materials science hi a harsa khawp mai.
Mi zawng zawngin an ngaihsak loh harsatna (mahse ka ti lo ang)
Alright buckle up cause Hei hi mi thenkhat ka piss off dawn a ni.
Tunah hian hna an thawk zo lo.
Tihpalh! A dik khawp mai! "Breakthrough" solid-Press release-a i chhiar tawh state battery tam zawk? Cycle 10 velin an thawk thin. I vannei a nih chuan 50 pawh a ni mai thei. in perfect lab condition ah chuan. 25℃chiah a ni . Khawchhak lam atanga thli tleh nalh tak nen.
I car battery hian Minnesota Winter leh Texas Summer leh Everywhere inkar ah 1000+ cycle atan a thawk tur a ni. Scale-ah pawh kan la inhnaih lo hle.
Nikum khan conference-ah ka awm a (Orlando-a Battery Symposium, March 2024) khan startup pakhat hnen atangin cycle 500 vel a awm tih ka hmu a. An booth zawhah a kal a. A chipchiar zawnga zawh a ni. Anni chu real quiet real fast an ni. Turns out chu cycle 500 te chu 0.1C charge rate ah an awm a, charge inkar ah darkar 4 vel an awm. Application tak tak atan chuan a tangkai lo tak zet.
Manufacturing hi absolute nightmare a ni.
Lithium-ion battery man tlawm leh rintlak siam dan tur ngaihtuah chungin kum 30+ kan hmang a. Factory te, hmanrua te, quality control - te chu a dial vek a ni.
Solid-State? A bul atanga tan a ni.
Thil hmanrua hrang hrang. kalphung hrang hrang. Failure mode hrang hrang a awm. Engkim a harsa zawk.
Thla hmasa khan Quantumscape atanga tlangval pakhat nen kan inbia a (airport bar-ah kan awm ve ve a, beer 3 vel a in tawh a, a chatty tawh bawk) an harsatna lian ber chu technology pawh a ni tawh lo tih a sawi. Battery 10,000 inang vek siam dan tur ngaihtuah chhuah a ni. Consistency at scale hi a harsa em em a ni.
Interface problem chu mi zawng zawng tihhlum hi a ni.
Hei hi technical mahse pawimawh tak a ni: solid electrolyte hian solid electrode a khawih chuan resistance i hmu thin. Electric chu lei hrual pahnih, press khawma kal tlanga kalpui tum ang mai a ni. Contact ropui tak a ni lo.
Liquid electrolyte hmang hian liquid hian microscopic gap zawng zawng a fill vek a ni. Hmun tinah contact tha tak a ni. Solid-on-Solid nen? Chutiang chuan a ni lo.
Mite chuan engkim an tum vek a: special coatings, applying pressure, heating it up, material thar, sacrificial layers, buffer zone te. Engmah a la thawk tha tawk lo. Solution tin hian harsatna thar a siam vek a ni.
An crack a, chu chu a chhe tak zet a ni.
Ceramic solid electrolytes te hi an brittle hle. Battery charge a nih chuan a hring deuh deuh thin. discharge, an tihtlem. Hetiang hian vawi 1000 ti la, i ceramic pawh a crack thei.
Battery thi tawh=crack te tak te pakhat. Moisture a lut a, performance a tlahniam a, game over a ni.
Solid-State cells mawi tak tak, cycle 50 chhung zet a thawk tha em em ka hmu a, chutah chuan a crack a, chutah chuan hna a thawk tawh lo. thinlung ti na thei tak a ni. leh a man to hle bawk.
Polymer electrolyte te hi awlsam takin an crack lo nain ionic conductivity an nei hniam zawk. Trade-offs.
A senso hian ka tap duh a ni.
Tuna chhut dan chuan solid-state battery te chu regular lithium-ion man aiin 10-20x ah a dah a. per kWh a ni.
Yeah costs chu scale nen a rawn tla thla dawn a ni. An ti fo thin. Mahse kum tam tak chhunga hmasawnna leh cost parity kan hmuh hmain capital investment maktaduai tam tak kan sawi a ni.
Tesla-a cell 4680 man hi $100/kWh vel a ni. Solid-State hi tunah hian $1000/kWh a ni thei. A tam zawk pawh a ni mai thei. Tuman number dik tak an tichhuak lo cause they’re mualphothlak.
Heng thilte hi tuin nge siam tak tak? (And who’s just talking about it)
Oh man okay this is gonna be messy cause 50+ company te hian "battery te hi revolutionize tur an ni" tiin an sawi a mahse tute nge thil tih tak tak tih ka ngaihtuah ang:
Quantumscape 1000 a ni.- Automotive application atan chuan a hla ber a ni mai thei. ceramic separator hmanga siam a ni. VW leh Bill Gates te chuan an thlawp a ni. An stock chu $130 vel atanga $10 ah a kal ta a ni. Ouch a ni. Mahse an la thawk chhunzawm zel a, test result tha tak tak an la nei bawk. Timeline keeps slipping though which is... concerning but also realistic? Anmahni hi rinawm takin ka ngaihdan ka hre lo.
solid power .- BMW leh Ford te chu an hnungtawlh a. sulfide electrolyte a ni. Last ka hriat dan chuan manufacturing issue an la nei reng a. An timeline pawh a slip tawh bawk. Mi zawng zawng timeline slip vek. Battery industry-a pastime duh ber a ni.
Samsung SDI ah hian a awm a.- an siam chhuah lai hian solid-state battery an nei tak tak! mahse, a te deuh deuh. Wearables tan chuan. damdawi hmanrua te. Hearables (yes chu chu tunah chuan thumal a ni tawh niin a lang). Car-thil lian tak tak a awm em? hmasawnna lamah a la awm reng. 2027 an ti a, 2029-2030 hi a tak takin ka sawi a.
Toyota .- Aw tlangval. Toyota hian he field-a ka thawh tan hma atang tawh khan solid-State Battery Breakthroughs an lo tiam tawh a. Midang zawng aiin patent an file tam zawk. Kum tin thuchhuah lian tak tak an siam thin. Tin, chuti chung chuan... products a awm lo.
Anmahni hi rin ka duh a ni. Toyota an ni. Thil siamchhuahna an hre chiang hle. Mahse, vawikhat min bum rawh, mualpho rawh. Vawi 47 zet min bum rawh...
Kum 2025, chutih laia 2027, tunah chuan 2027-2028 a ni tawh tih an sawi. 2030 minimum ah pawisa ka dah ang.
Nissan 100 a ni.- a chungchangah chuan a ngawi reng a, chu chu ka zah tak zet a ni. Kum 2024-2025-ah chuan pilot production an nei tawh dawn tih sawi rawh. Midang thenkhat aiin timeline tak tak zawk. NASA nen thil thenkhat ka ngaihtuah niin ka hria em? Min quote suh.
catl a ni a.- Chinese company, khawvela battery siamtu lian ber. An insawn chuan mi zawng zawngin an hre vek. Solid-state-ah an thawk a, mahse prediction-ah chuan conservative tak an ni. Chu chuan anmahni chu a takah chuan min rin tir zawk a ni. Manufacturing scale an hre chiang hle. Thil harsa tak chu an hre chiang hle.
Staleot a ni a.- Israel tan a ni a, extreme fast charging focus a ni. Demos cool tak tak a awm. Scaling hi zawhna a ni. Zawhna chu a ni fo thin.
Factorial energy, prologium, ionic materials, sakuu, blue current, ilika... literally dozen tam tak a awm bawk. A tam zawk chu an hlawhchham ang. Chutiang chiah chuan a thawk a ni. Battery startup te hian 5% hlawhtlinna rate an nei a.
Tunah hian pakhat i lei thei tak tak em?
Chhanna tawi:Aih.
Chhanna thui zawk:Still no, prototype EV $500K+ emaw, damdawi hmanrua atana specialty battery te tak te emaw i lei loh chuan.
Chhanna rei zawk pawh:Samsung hian solid-state battery engemaw zat a nei a mahse a man a to a, a te hle bawk. Coin cell size ang maiin kan sawi a. Application tam zawkah chuan a tangkai lo.
Solid-state nei consumer product tak tak hmasa ber chu:
Premium smartphone te pawh a awm bawk.- Samsung emaw Apple emaw chuan bragging rights an duh ang. "A hmasa ber solid-State battery phone!" Marketing ropui tak a ni. Kum 2026-2027 a ni mai thei.
A siam chhuah tlem EVS .- Luxury brand thenkhat chuan solid-state battery nei unit 500 an siam ang. A man hi $200K a ni. Technology hnathawh dan finfiah rawh. 2027-2028..
High-End E-bikes/scooter te- Battery te zawk chuan economic lamah a ti awlsam zawk. 2026?
Mass market a ni em? Mipa ka hriat loh. 2030 a hmasa berah. A him tur chuan 2032-2035 a ni mai thei. Tin, chutih lai pawh chuan "Mass market" tih hian "optional upgrade for $10K" a kawk thei bawk.
Ka pessimistic hle mai thei. Mahse, vawi tam tak ka beidawng tawh.
Eng atan nge an hman tak tak dawn?
Tunah tak? PowerPoint presentation tam zawk.
Mahse serious takin:
Electric car te pawh a awm .- Hei hi mi zawng zawngin an ngaih pawimawh ber. 500+ mile range, minute 10 chhunga charging, lighter, him zawk a ni. EV market a thlak danglam tak zet ang. A thleng a nih chuan.
Phone leh laptop te pawh a awm .- I phone chu ni 2 chhung awh tur a ni a, hmanna nasa tak nen. emaw, a thickness chanve a nih avangin. A nih loh leh Samsung Note 7 dinhmun neih leh tawh ngai lo. Chu chu mumang chu a ni.
Damdawi lam implant te .- Hetah hian solid-state battery thenkhat hman a ni tawh! Pacemaker te hian battery an mamawh a, chu chu 100% a fail lo ang a, i taksa chhungah a leak lo ang. Solid-State hi chutiang atan chuan a tha ber. Battery te tak te, man tlawm a ngai lo, safety hi engkim a ni.
Drone/aviation 1000 a ni.- Electric plane te hian energy density sang ber an mamawh a ni. Gram tin hi a pawimawh vek. Solid-State hian electric aviation chu drone tenau te aiin a ti nung thei tak zet a ni.
Grid dahna tur .- a ni mai thei em ni? Mahse dik tak chuan stationary storage atan chuan weight hi a pawimawh lo. LFP hi a man tlawm tawh a, a him tawk tawh bawk. Hard to beat on cost. Solid-State hian hetah hian inel tur chuan a man tlawm tak tak a ngai dawn a ni.
EV lei hmain solid-state i nghak tur em ni?
Hetiang hian min zawt fo thin. Party-ah (battery engineer-te chu party-ah an kal okay), conference-ah, Facebook-a random relative-te an awm.
Chhanna: Ni lo, nghak suh.
Tunah hian EV i duh chuan tunah hian EV lei rawh. Tuna EVs hi a tha tak zet! Model 3, Ioniq 5, F-150 lightning, solid duhthlanna zawng zawng. Technology finfiah tawh a ni. Rinnawmna hriat tawh.
Affordable solid-State EVs a awm meuh chuan:
I EV hman mek chu 5+ kum 10 chhung zet i khalh tawh ang .
tech chu a la hmasa ber dawn-Generation with unknown issues .
Charging infrastructure pawh a tha zawk dawn a ni .
Used EV man a tlakchhiat chuan tuin nge hria ang .
Kum 2027 tawp lam emaw 2028 emawa lei tum i nih chuan? Tichuan, eng nge a chhuah tak tak tih chu nghak mai mai teh. Mahse, i nunna chu hum suh.
Technology pawh a tha chho zel a ni. "Rei lo teah" thil tha zawk lo thleng tur a awm fo thin. Chatuanin kan nghak thei lo.
Kum 2019 thleng khan 4K TV lei ka nghak a, eng thil nge thleng tih i hria em? An man a tlawm leh a tha zawk. Mahse kei pawhin kum 6 chhung zet 4K TV ka nei lo. A phu em ni? Dik tak chuan... ni lo. Pakhat lei mai tur a ni.
Energy density number te hi thu dik lo (sort of) a ni.
Okay a ni lo. mahse, a hruai sual a ni.
Mi zawng zawng hian energy density number an paih kual vek a. "400 wh/kg!" "500 wh/kg!" "900 wh/kg!"
Hetah hian an hrilh loh che chu hetiang hi a ni:
Tuna lithium awm mek-ION cells te .: 250-300 wh/kg a ni.
Tuna lithium awm mek-ION pack te: 150-200 wh/kg a ni.
A danglamna chu i hmu em? Pack-ah hian casing, cooling, wiring, battery management system te a awm a ni. Battery pack rit zawng 30-40% vel ang bawkin battery pawh a ni lo.
Solid-State Cell-a claims te .: 400-500 wh/kg a ni.
Solid-State pack tak tak a ni.: Tuin nge hria ang? 250-350 wh/kg a ni mai thei em?
Chuvangin Toyota-in "energy density vawi hnih a neih" a tih lai khan! Anni hian best-case cell number te chu tuna pack number awm mek nen an khaikhin a. Apple atanga apple awm lo.
Pack level-a hmasawnna tak tak chu 50-75% a ni mai thei. Chu chu a la ropui hle! A ropui tak zet! Mahse revolution marketing hian a sawi tum chu a ni lo.
Tin, energy density hi engkim a ni lo. Power density a pawimawh (engtiang chiahin nge i discharge chak). Cycle nun hi a pawimawh hle. Temperature performance a ni. Mass adoption atan hian KWH khatah cost a pawimawh ber.
Battery man hi $2000/kWh a ni a, 500 wh/kg a ni a, battery hi battery aiin a chhe zawk a, a man hi $100/kWh a ni a, 250 wh/kg a ni. engti kawng pawhin application tam zawk tan.
Ka rawtna tak tak .
Mi pangngai i nih chuan:solid-State hi tunah chuan a awm tawh tih theihnghilh rawh. Tuna technology hman mek hmang hian i mamawh apiang lei rawh. A thawk tha khawp mai.
Kum 2025-2026 chhunga EV i lei dawn a nih chuan:Tuna lithium-ion nen hian tunah hian lei rawh. Nghah suh. Future EV famkim chu a lo thleng thuai dawn lo.
Investor i nih chuan:Hei hi risk sang tak, lawmman sang tak a ni. Startup tam zawk (Samsung, Toyota, CATL) te chu ka bet ang. Mahse chu chu keimah chauh ka ni. I’m risk-Averse cause Battery startup tam lutuk crash leh burn ka hmu a. literally case pakhatah chuan.
Engineer i nih chuan:He field ah hian lut rawh! Hell ang maia lungchhiatthlak tak ni mahse a ngaihnawm tak zet. Hmasawnna slow leh dead end tam tak atan inbuatsaih mai rawh.
Kum 2027-2028 chhunga lei tum i nih chuan:Tu nge deliver tak tak tih ngaihtuah tan la, tu nge thu puan mai mai tih tute nge ni. Ka pawisa chu Samsung leh Nissan te chungah a ni mai thei.
Eng nge tih loh tur:"Solid-State battery awm tawh chu tunah hian lei suh!" Sketchy website atanga lak chhuah a ni. An dawt sawi a ni. A tak tak a nih chuan news outlet lian tak takah leh thil siamtu lian tak tak atanga lo kal a ni ang.
Oh leh thil pakhat dang: tunah hian battery i mamawh a, regular lithium{{0}ION leh solid-State Dream inkarah thil i duh a nih chuan? 1000 ah hian en rawh.Lithium Polymer Battery te pawh a awm bawk.. Solid-State mahse standard li{{2}ION aiin a him zawk a, leak lo la, vawiinah pawh i hmu thei ang. RC thil tons tam takah hman a ni a, phone thenkhatah pawh hman a ni bawk. Revolutionary ni lo mahse a tak takah chuan lol.
