MPPT chu eng nge ni?

Chuvangin hetah hian Thawhlehni liamta khan thil hlimawm tak a thleng a. Kan procurement team atang chuan Dave nen coffee kan in dun a (i hria em, supplier lead times chungchanga complaint fo thin tlangval kha), min zawt a: "He MPPT thil zawng zawng hi R&D meeting-ah hian eng nge in kal zel?".. tiin min zawt a.

Fair question, a dik tak zet. Heng acronym te hi inneih laiin Confetti ang maiin kan paih kual a, mahse engineering bubble pawn lama mi tam zawk chuan kan sawi tum chu an nei lo tak zet a ni.

MPPT hi power point tracking sang ber tihna a ni. Tin, ni lo, sales brochure thenkhatin a ri ang maia a ri pawh nise, "i solar panels siam tha zawk" mai mai thei magical black box thenkhat a ni lo. A nihna takah chuan a straightforward hle a, vawikhat chu intimidating name i paltlang tawh.

Right, chuvangin hei hi han mitthla teh. I inchungah solar panel i thu a. A awlsam tawk viau ang – ni êngin a rawn hit a, electric a rawn chhuak a, hna a thawk ta. Except it’s not quite that simple, a ni maw?

Solar panel hi a mak khawp mai. Eng thil pawh i tih pawhin power constant amount an pe mai mai lo che. Voltage leh current an siam a, eng load nge i connect tih a zirin a inthlak a, hei hi kicker a ni: voltage leh current combination pakhat chauh a awm a, chutah chuan chu panel atang chuan power tam thei ang ber i hmu thei a ni.

Hei hi maximum power point, a nih loh leh MPP kan ti a. Catchy name, ka hre chiang khawp mai.

Tunah chuan, he point hi a kal kual reng a ni. Cloud chu a chungah a kal a ni maw? MPP chu a che a. Temperature a inthlak danglam em? MPP chu a che a. Panel a dusty deuh em? I lo guess tawh a, MPP chu a move. Mit mittui tlak lai a moving target kah tum ang mai a ni.

Hei hi Sarah (kan lead system designer – brilliant woman, rren rren taste in coffee) chuan thla hmasa khan a client hnenah a sawi a: "Bucket khat tui khat i tihkhat tum niin han ngaihtuah teh, mahse tap pressure a danglam zel a, flow rate tha ber i hmuh theih nan valve i hawn dan tur i siamrem reng a ngai a ni," a ti. Not perfect, mahse a point across a hmu ta.

MPPT chu standard a nih hma khan – hetah hian kum 1990 chho lai vel kan sawi a – solar installation tam zawkah chuan PWM controller kan tih chu an hmang a. PWM hi pulse width modulation tihna a ni a, chu chu i panel leh battery inzawmna chu on leh off-a an on leh off nghal vat a, charging control turin an ti rang tak zet a ni.

Buaina chu? PWM controllers te hian a bul berah chuan i panel voltage chu i battery voltage nena inmil turin a hnuai lam atanga hnuai lam pan thin ang che. Chuvangin 36V solar panel leh 12V battery i neih chuan... chu voltage atanga a chunk lian tak chu i paih mai mai a ni. Sports car lei a, first gear chauha khalh ngai ang mai a ni. Sure, a thawk a, mahse thisen chhuak chu eng nge ni?

A nihna takah chuan heng PWM unit hlui zinga pakhat hi ka garage-ah hian kum 2009-a kan project kan tih tawh atang khan ka la nei a, tunah chuan paperweight tha tak a ni tawh.

MPPT

MPPT controller chu a bulpui berah chuan a danglam hle. I panel voltage chu battery level-a paih mai ai chuan DC-DC converter hmangin (electronic gear box angin ngaihtuah la) chu voltage sang zawk chu battery voltage hniam zawkah current tam zawkah a chantir tak tak a ni.

Hetah hian physics bit chu a awm a, mahse a tawi zawngin ka vawng tlat tur a ni: Power=voltage × current. Chuvangin i panel (108W) atanga 3a-a 36V i neih chuan MPPT controller chuan chu chu 9A-ah chuan roughly 12V-ah a chantir thei a ni (108W, minus some loss pawh). Power inang i hmu a, i battery hman tak tak theih tur form danglam takah chauh.

Mahse, lo nghak teh, a tam zawk a awm! (Infomercial tam lutuk ka en tawh)

MPPT controller hian he conversion hi vawi khat chauh a ti a, ni khat a ti mai lo. Panel output a teh reng a, panel-a a load a present chu a tweak a, a teh leh a, chu sweet spot – power point sang ber – chu i panel atanga absolute most power possible chu engtik lai pawha a lak chhuah theihna turin a insiamrem reng a ni.

He dance hi second khatah vawi tam tak a ti a ni. Nileng, nitin.

Tunah chuan hetah hian a ngaihnawm chho zel a, kan ang company te hian technical review meeting-a inhnialna hun an hmang nasa lutuk a ni.

MPP track theihna tur algorithms hrang hrang load a awm a:

Perturb leh Observe (P&O) 1.1.– Hei hi rintlak hlui chu a ni. Controller chuan operating point chu kawng khatah a nudge a, power a sang emaw a hniam emaw a nih leh nih loh a enfiah a, chutah chuan a kal zel chuan a nudge leh thin. Simple, effective, mahse MPP vel chu zu rui ang maiin keyhole zawn tum ang maiin a oscillate thei. Hei hi kan Model S-150 series-ah kan hmang a, a chhan chu a dik a, a man tlawm a, a man tlawm hle.

Incremental conductance 1000 a ni.– Mathematically elegant zawk, a dik zawk nia sawi. A nihna takah chuan? Academic paper-te sawi ang pawhin, khawvel dinhmun tak takah chuan P&O aiin a che tha zawk tih ka la hmu ngai lo. Nikum nipui lai (June atanga August 2022) khan side- by-side kan test vek a, energy harvest danglamna chu 2% aia tlem a ni. Application tam zawkah chuan extra processing overhead a hlu lo.

Fractional open circuit voltage a awm bawk.– Panel open-circuit voltage atanga chhut chuan guess a la a. Fast mahse a dik lo zawk. Chinese unit man tlawm tak tak thenkhat chuan hei hi an hmang a, i hre thei bawk – an tling tawk viau nain a ropui lo.

Tichuan, hmanraw thar zawk zawng zawng chu i nei vek tawh a ni – neural networks, fuzzy logic, sliding mode control. Tin, en teh, research lab leh niche application-ah an hmun an nei tih ka chiang a, mahse installation 95% atan chuan? P&O hian hna chu a thawk tha khawp mai.

Kan marketing department atanga Tom hian buzz factor atan "AI-powered MPPT" implement turin min nawr reng a ni. Neural networks hian he application atan hian awmzia a nei lo tih kan hrilh fo thin a, hlawkna tak tak awm lovin cost leh complexity a belhchhah mai dawn tih kan hrilh fo bawk. He thubuai hi October thla atang khan kalpui tan a ni. Ṭanpuina thawn rawh.

MPPT

"Mahse, engzat nge a tha zawk?" - Engpawh. Mal. Dawrtu. Inhmukhawm.

Okay, chuti a nih chuan kum 2022 chhung zawnga field test kan neih atanga number tak tak thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

Spain khawthlang lama kan installation-ah (Málaga Region, i hriat duh chuan) kan hmu a:

MPPT vs PWM: A vaiin 25-30% velin energy an la tam zawk

Hmasawnna tha ber: 45% (hei hi December thla khan partial shading nen a ni)

Hmasawnna chhe ber: 15% (mid-summer, clear days, PWM pawhin a thawk tha tawk lo)

Hmasawnna hi a lian ber a ni:

I panel voltage hi battery voltage aiin a sang zawk hle.

Partial shading i nei a .

Temperature a danglam nasa hle .

Array ah hian mismatched panels i nei a .

Engkim hi ideal a nih chuan a te ber – chu chu a bul berah chuan khawvel tak takah chuan a awm ngai lo.

Full circuit diagram hmangin ka bore dawn lo che a, mahse hei hi a bulpui ber topology chu a ni:

MPPT controller tam zawk chuan buck converter (step{{0}down) an hmang a, boost converter (step{1}up), emaw buck{2}}boost converter (a pahnih hian an ti thei) chu an power stage atan an hmang thin. Buck topology nen kan kal tlangpui a, a chhan chu solar panel tam zawk hi an battery an lak aiin voltage sang zawk an ni.

Control section hian a tlangpuiin:

Microcontroller (kan premium line-ah STM32 series kan hmang)

Voltage leh current sensor te .

Temperature sensors (panel, battery, leh controller ngei tan) .

User interface chi khat (LCD screen, Bluetooth, eng pawh)

Chu chu a ni tak zet. Magic chu software-ah a awm vek a – operating point siamrem dan tur reltu algorithm a ni.

Thla leha kan model thar x-300 kan tlangzarh tur (March 8th-a Amsterdam-a SolarTech Expo-a official announcement – come say hi if you’re there!) chuan dual-core processor a hmang a, chutiang chuan MPPT algorithm atanga independent-in safety monitoring kan kalpui thei ang. Bit overkill a ni em? Maithei. Mahse chu thil thleng chu nikum khan Australia-a an inelna unit-in Australia-a kangmei an kah chhuah hnuah (hming hming an sawi lo a, mahse i hre tawh ngei ang), chance kan la lo.

"MPPT hian i panel atang hian power tam zawk a pe che a ni".– No. I panel chuan ni êng hmanga a siam chhuah chu a siam chhuak a. MPPT chuan chu power awm zawng zawng chu i hmanral vek ai chuan i hmang vek tih a tichiang mai.

"Mppt hi system te te nen i mamawh lo".- Bawlhhlawh. System tlemte pawh hian a hlawkpui hle. Sure, absolute energy gain a tlem zawk a, mahse percentage-wise chuan a inang vek.

"MPPT hi grid-tie systems tan chauh a ni".– a dik lo bawk. Battery charging atan a thawk tha hle a, a takah chuan kan hralhna tam zawk kan hmuhna hmun a ni.

"MPPT controller zawng zawng hi a bulpui berah chuan a inang vek".– Ha! Chu chu engineering team hnenah hrilh rawh. Thla tam tak chhung chu efficiency, thermal management, reliability optimise-ah kan hmang thin. Mahse, ka pawm ang, a hmangtu tlangpui hnenah chuan, £50 Chinese unit leh kan £400 £400 controller .nia langinang. Thla ruk hnua a man tlawm ber a hlawhchham hma chuan, chu chu.

Ngai teh, kan thil siamah hian ka hralh tur che a ni a, mahse dik takin ka sawi ang che (ka boss hnenah hetiang hian ka sawi tih hrilh suh):

System te tak te (50W hnuai lam), cable run tawi tak i neih chuan i panel voltage chu i battery voltage nen a inmil hle a, budget tight takah i awm a ni – PWM chu a tha mai thei. Table-ah hian energy engemaw zat i dah ang a, mahse a chang chuan chu chu pawm theih trade-off a ni.

Nikum khan customer pakhat kan nei a, Scottish Highlands-a weather station tenau tak siam duhtu. 20W panel, 12V battery, £30 budget. PWM controller man tlawm tak ka recommend a. Engtin pawhin kan MPPT unit chu a lei a, a chhan chu "a duh ber a duh a ni." Fair enough, a pawisa a ni a, mahse chu thutlukna chungchanga ROI chu a ni ngai lo mai thei.

Khawiah nge he technology hi a kal dawn? Awle, trend tlemte kan hmu a:

A sem darh mppt .– Array pumpui tan controller lian tak pakhat ai chuan panel tinah optimizers te zawk a ni. Shading atan a tha zawk, mahse cost leh complexity a belhchhah. Tunah hian Norway rama pilot project pakhatah hengte hi kan test mek a.

Cloud connectivity .– Mi zawng zawngin an solar controller chu an smartphone nena inbiakna an duh vek. Sure, engvangin nge ni lo ang. Kan app hi a takah chuan a decent hle a, keimah ngeiin ka sawi pawh nise. Real-time performance, historical data i hmu thei a, thil dik lo a awm chuan a hriattir ang che. Kar hmasa khan battery state-of-charge estimation siam thattu update kan hmet a – a hmain 5% vel a beisei lutuk a ni.

Algorithm tha zawk .– Hei hi ka mimal obsession a ni. Tracking parameters te pre-empively adjust nan weather forecast data hmanga predictive algorithm ka siam tawh a. A thawk em? Achangin. A hlawhtlinna chu a phu em? Jury chu a la chhuak zel.

MPPT

Hetiang hian hun rei tak a ti tawh a, tihsual tlanglawn tak takte chu hriat theih a ni:

Size a ni tha hle mai .– 10A panel atan 60A MPPT controller lei suh. A hmanralna a ni. Chutiang bawkin, sum i humhim ang tih ngaihtuahin undersize suh. A hnua panel tam zawk i dah belh loh chuan i tichhia mai ang.

A lum zel tur a ni .– Heng thilte hian lumna a siam chhuak thin. Ni êng direct-a sealed box-ah dah suh. Ni e, miten hetiang hian an ti tak tak a ni. Ni lo, a chhan pawh ka hrethiam lo.

Battery temperature sensor a ni a, a man pawh a to hle.– hmang rawh! Charging voltage chu temperature-compensated a ni tur a ni. Room temperature leh Sahara laihawl vel hian voltage hrang hrang a mamawh a.

Cable sizing .– Controllers tha lo chungchangah call tam tak kan dawng a, chu chu undersized cables vangin voltage drop a awm fo thin. Kan website-a thisen chhuak cable sizing calculator hmang rawh.

Settings a pawimawh .– Default settings chu conservative tak a ni. Manual (ka hria, shocking suggestion) chhiar la, i battery type bik atan configure rawh.

Chuti a nih chuan, MPPT chu eng nge ni? A bul berah chuan smart electronic matchmaker a ni a, i solar panel leh battery te chu a theih ang anga thawk hovin an thawk dun thei a, i setup atanga watt awm thei zawng zawng squeeze chhuak turin condition danglam zelte chu an insiamrem reng a ni.

A hlu em? Installation tam zawk tan chuan, absolutely. PWM aia MPPT controller pakhat man extra cost hian kum khat emaw kum hnih emaw chhunga energy harvest tihpunna atan a hlawkpui a ni.

Kan hralh avangin kan bias em ni? Ngei ngei. Mahse kan ring bawk a, chutiang a nih loh chuan kum 15 kalta chhung khan technology refine leh market-a MPPT controller tha ber ber thenkhat siamin kan hmang lo ang. (And yes, company tin hian chutiang chuan an sawi tih ka hria, mahse kan ta erawh chu an ni tak zet. Min do rawh.)

Eng pawh nise, zawhna i neih chuan comment-ah drop la, email hmangin min shoot bawk ang che. A nih loh leh a tha zawk chu March thlaa Amsterdam Expo-ah min man rawh. Coffee in tam lutuk leh ngaithlatu tur tu pawh MPPT hrilhfiahtu chu keimah hi ka ni ang.

Oh, leh quick plug – i MPPT chu 1000 nen pair rawh.Ionic lithium battery 1000 a ni.A theih chuan. Fast charging characteristic hian a takah chuan controller chu thlasik ni rei lo te chhungin a thawk tha thei a ni. Nikum atang khan he combo hi kan test tan a, efficiency gains hi rinawm takin sawi tur a awm.